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Daftar ISI /
TABLE OF CONTENT
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Page no.
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1
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Tujuan
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1
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Purpose
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4
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2
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Ruang
Lingkup
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2
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Scope
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4
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3
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Laporan
dan Catatan
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3
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Records
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4
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4
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Documen
Referensi
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4
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Reference
Documents
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5
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5
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Definisi
– Definisi
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5
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Definitions
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5
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6
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Kualifikasi
dan Tanggung Jawab
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6
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Qualification
and Responsibility
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5
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7
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Perlengkapan
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7
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Tools,
Gages, Fixtures
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6
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7.1
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Alat –
alat Ultrasonic
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7.1
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Ultrasonic
Equipments
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6
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7.1.2
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Linearitas Horizontal
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7.1.2
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Horizontal
Linearity
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6
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7.1.3
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Syarat 2
untuk Pengujian Instrumen
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7.1.3
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Requirement
for Test Instruments.
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6
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7.1.4
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Kalibrasi
dari Pengujian Instrumen
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7.1.4
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Calibration of Test Instruments.
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6
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7.2
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Search Units.
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7.2
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Search Units.
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7
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7.2.1
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Search Units untuk Probe Normal
(Longitudinal Wave)
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7.2.1
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Straight-Beam (Longitudinal Wave) Search
Units.
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7
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7.2.2
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Resolusi untuk Probe Normal.
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7.2.2
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Resolution for Straight-Beam.
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7
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7.2.3
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Search Units
Probe Sudut.
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7.2.3
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Angle-Beam Search Units.
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7
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7.2.4
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Frekuensi.
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7.2.4
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Frequency.
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7
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7.2.5
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Dimensi Transducer
.
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7.2.5
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Transducer Dimensions.
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7
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7.2.6
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Sudut.
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7.2.6
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Angles.
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7
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7.2.7
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Resolusi untuk Probe Sudut.
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7.2.7
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Resolution for Angle-Beam.
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8
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7.2.8
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Penandaan
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7.2.8
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Marking.
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8
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7.2.9
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Jarak Ujung Probe
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7.2.9
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Edge Distance.
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8
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7.3
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Standar Acuan
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7.3
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Reference Standards.
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8
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8
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Instruksi
– instruksi
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8
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Instructions
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8
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8.1
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Prosedur
Kalibrasi dan Kualifikasi Peralatan
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8.1
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Equipment
Calibration and Qualification Procedure
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8
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8.1.1
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Linearitas Horizontal.
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8.1.1
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Horizontal Linearity.
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8
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8.1.2
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Gain Control
(dB Accuracy ).
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8.1.2
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Gain Control (dB Accuracy ).
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9
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8.1.3
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Rumus Decibel.
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8.1.3
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Decibel Equation.
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12
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8.1.4
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Prosedure Refleksi Internal.
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8.1.4
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Internal Reflections Procedure.
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12
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8.2
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Kalibrasi dari Search Units.
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8.2
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Calibration of Search Units.
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13
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8.2.1
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Kalibrasi dari Search Units probe sudut.
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8.2.1
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Calibration of Angle-Beam Search Units.
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13
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8.2.2
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Titik Index.
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8.2.2
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Index
point.
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13
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8.2.3
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Sudut
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8.2.3
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Angles.
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13
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8.2.4
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Persyaratan untuk resolusi dari probe
sudut .
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8.2.4
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Angle Beam Resolution Requirements.
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14
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8.2.5
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Kalibrasi dari Search Units Probe Normal (Longitudinal Mode ).
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8.2.5
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Calibration of Straight-Beam Search Units
(Longitudinal Mode).
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15
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8.2.6
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Persyaratan Resolusi Probe Normal
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8.2.6
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Straight-Beam Resolution Requirement
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15
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8.2.7
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Kualifikasi Linearitas Horizontal.
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8.2.7
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Horizontal Linearity Qualification
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15
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8.2.8
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Kualifikasi Gain Control (Attenuation).
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8.2.8
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Gain Control (Attenuation) Qualification.
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16
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8.3
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Kalibrasi untuk Pengujian
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8.3
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Calibration for Testing
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16
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8.3.1
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Posisi Kontrol Reject.
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8.3.1
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Position of Reject Control.
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16
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8.3.2
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Reflector yang dilarang.
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8.3.2
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Prohibited Reflectors.
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16
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8.3.3
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Teknik.
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8.3.3
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Technique.
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16
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8.3.4
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Kalibrasi Ulang.
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8.3.4
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Recalibration.
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16
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8.4
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Pengujian Probe Normal untuk Base
Metal.
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8.4
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Straight-Beam Testing of Base Metal.
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16
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8.5
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Kalibrasi untuk Pengujian Probe Sudut.
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8.5
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Calibration for Angle-Beam Testing.
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17
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8.5.1
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Horizontal
Sweep.
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8.5.1
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Horizontal Sweep.
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17
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8.5.2
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Zero Reference
Level.
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8.5.2
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Zero Reference Level.
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17
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8.6
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Prosedur Pengujian.
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8.6
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Testing Procedures
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18
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8.6.1
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“X” Line.
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8.6.1
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“X” Line.
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18
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8.6.2
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“Y” Line.
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8.6.2
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“Y” Line.
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18
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8.6.3
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Kebersihan.
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8.6.3
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Cleanliness.
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18
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8.6.4
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Couplants.
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8.6.4
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Couplants.
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18
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8.6.5
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Maksud
dari pengujian.
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8.6.5
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Extent of Testing.
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19
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8.6.6
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Kesulitan Akses.
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8.6.6
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Inaccessibility.
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19
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8.7
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Pengujian
Lasan.
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8.7
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Testing of Welds.
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20
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8.8
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Scanning.
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8.8
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Scanning.
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20
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8.8.1
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Longitudinal
Discontinuities
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8.8.1
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Longitudinal Discontinuities
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20
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8.8.2
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Transverse
Discontinuities
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8.8.2
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Transverse Discontinuities
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20
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8.9
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Butt Joints.
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8.9
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Butt Joints.
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21
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9
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Prosedure Evaluasi
Ukuran Discontinuities
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9
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Discontinuity
Size Evaluation Procedures
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22
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9.1
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Pengujian
dengan Probe Normal (Longitudinal)
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9.1
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Straight-Beam
(Longitudinal) Testing.
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22
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9.2
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Pengujian dengan Probe Sudut (Shear).
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9.2
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Angle-Beam (Shear) Testing.
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22
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10
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Kriteria Penerimaan
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10
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Acceptance Criteria
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23
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10.4
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Kriteria Penerimaan untuk Statically Loaded Nontubular Connections.
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10.4
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Acceptance Criteria for Statically
Loaded Nontubular Connections.
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24
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10.5
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Kriteria Penerimaan
untuk Cyclically Loaded Nontubular Connections.
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10.5
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Acceptance Criteria for Cyclically Loaded
Nontubular Connections.
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24
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11
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Identifikasi pada Area yang di Reject.
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11
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Identification of Rejected Area.
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25
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12
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Perbaikan.
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12
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Repair.
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25
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13
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Laporan Pengujian Ulang.
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13
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Retest Reports.
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25
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14
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Steel Backing.
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14
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Steel Backing.
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26
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15
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Lampiran
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15
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Attachments
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27~ 40
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1
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Tujuan
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1
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Purpose
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a.
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Prosedur
ini dipakai untuk petunjuk sewaktu melakukan Pengujian Ultrasonic Kontak
Langsung untuk Structural Steel welds dan HAZ(s), menggunakan pulse echo
type.
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a.
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This
procedure provides guidance during the conduct Direct Contact
Ultrasonic Examination of Structural Steel welds and HAZ(s), using pulse echo
type.
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b.
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Prosedur ini terdiri dari versi Inggris dan Indonesia, jika ada konflik antara keduanya maka versi Inggris yang dipakai |
b.
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This procedure consists of English and Indonesian versions,
should there is conflict between these versions the English version shall
govern.
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2
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Ruang Lingkup
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2
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Scope
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2.1
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Prosedur
ini berisi syarat –syarat dan acceptance standards Pengujian Ultrasonic
Kontak Langsung untuk Structural Steel full penetration groove welds dari
ferrous material (carbon steel, low alloy steel and stainless steel material)
dengan thickness antara 0.3125 inch ( 8.0 mm ) sampai 8.0 inch (
200 mm ).
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2.1
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This
procedure provides the requirements and acceptance standards for the contact
ultrasonic examination for full penetration groove welds of ferrous material
(carbon steel, low alloy steel and stainless steel material) with thickness
between 0.3125 inch ( 8.0 mm ) upto 8.0 inch ( 200 mm ).
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2.2
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Prosedur
ini tidak dimaksudkan untuk pelaksanaan pengujian ultrasonic pada sambungan
terbuat dari pipa.
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2.2
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This
procedure is not intended for ultrasonic examination of tubular connections.
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3
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Laporan dan Catatan
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3
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Records
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3.1
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Hasil
Pengujian Ultrasonic harus ditulis di Ultrasonic Test Report AWS Form (attached) atau Form yang
typical.
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3.1
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Ultrasonic
Examination Results shall be reported in the provided “ Ultrasonic Test
Report AWS Form “ (attached) or typical form.
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3.2
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Isi dari
laporan harus mempunyai cukup informasi, jelas identifikasi partnya, nomor
jointnya dan area yang diuji.
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3.2
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Content
of reports shall have suffient informations, clearly identify parts, joint
numbers and area of examinations.
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3.3
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Sebagai
tambahan diatas, report untuk lasan yang acceptable perlu cukup berisi informasi
yang mengenai nomor joint, tanda tangan operator, dan keberterimaan dari
lasan.
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3.3
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In
addition of the above, the report form
for welds that are acceptable need only contain sufficient information
to identify the weld joint numbers , the operator signature, and
acceptability of the welds.
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3.4
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Sebagai
tambahan diatas, report untuk lasan yang tidak diterima harus juga
menunjukkan quality sebelum direpair dan bisa direview oleh orang – orang
yang terkait.
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3.4
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In
addition of the above, the report form for welds that are unacceptable shall
show unacceptable quality prior to repair and shall be subject to be reviewed by
involving party.
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3.5
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Jika
Customer tidak minta Report
UT untuk dikirim, Report UT
harus disimpan sedikitnya satu tahun penuh setelah pekerjaan komplet selesai
.
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3.5
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Unless requested
by Customer for delivering the completed UT reports, the UT reports shall be
retained at least one full year after completion of
works.
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4
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Dokumen Referensi
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4
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Reference Documents
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4.1
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Written Practice Procedure No.:SMS-601-P-001.
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4.1
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Written Practice Procedure No.:SMS-601-P-001.
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4.2
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A W S D
1.1 – 2006 Edition ; Section 6 Part C
( 6.13 ), Part F .
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4.2
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A W S D
1.1 – 2006 Edition ; Section 6 Part C
( 6.13 ), Part F .
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5
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Definisi – Definisi
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5
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Definitions
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5.1
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Zero reference level :
respond dari ultrasonic dari refector 0.060” (1.59 mm) di blok kalibrasi IIW - V1, secara
electronic di atur sampai persen tertentu
dari ketinggian screen.
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5.1
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Zero reference level : the ultrasonic
response from the 0.060” (1.59 mm)
reflector in the IIW – V1 Standard Block Calibration, electronically
adjusted to a specified percentage
of the full screen height.
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5.2
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Search Unit :
sebuah alat electro acoustic digunakan untuk meneruskan atau menerima
ultrasonic energy.
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5.2
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Search Unit :
an Electro acoustic device used to
transmit or receive ultrasonic energy.
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5.3
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Kalibrasi :
hubungan dari respon sistem ultrasonic
dengan reflektor kalibrasi.
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5.3
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Calibration :
correlation of the ultrasonic system response with calibration reflector (s).
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5.4
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Transducer ( Probe ) : sebuah alat electro
acoustical untuk merubah energi listrik ke
energi getaran dan sebaliknya.
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5.4
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Transducer ( Probe ) :
an electroacoustical device for converting electrical energy into acoustical
energy and vice versa.
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5.5
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Probe Normal
: sebuah gelombang getaran pulsa yang berjalan normal (tegak lurus) dengan
permukaan yang di tes.
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5.5
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Straight beam :
a vibrating pulse wave train travelling normal to the test surface.
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5.6
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Probe Sudut :
sebuah terminologi yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah sudut datang atau
pembengkokan selain normal (tegak lurus) dengan permukaan yang di tes, seperti
sudut pengujian, sudut probe, sudut beam gelombang longitudinal, dan
gelombang beam shear.
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5.6
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Angle beam : a
term used to describe an angle of incidence or refraction other than normal
to the surface of the test object, as an angle beam examination, angle beam
search unit, angle beam longitudinal
wave, and angle beam shear waves.
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6
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Kualifikasi dan Tanggung Jawab
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6
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Qualification and Responsibility
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6.1
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Personel
yang melaksanakan pengujian sesuai dengan requiremen prosedure ini harus
diqualifikasi dan disertifikasi sesuai dengan PT. SPEKTRA
MEGAH SEMESTA’s Written Practice, no. SMS-601-P-001..
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6.1
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Personnel
performing examinations to the requirements this procedure shall be qualified
and certified in accordance PT. SPEKTRA MEGAH SEMESTA’s Written
Practice, no. SMS-601-P-001.
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6.2
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Ujian
untuk qualifikasi harus termasuk
demonstrasi kemampuan UT operator dalam pengaplikasian aturan di Code yang
sudah di adopt dan dimasukkan kedalam prosedure ini, dalam mendeteksi dan
mendesposisi cacat – cacat.
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6.2
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The
examination for qualification shall include UT operator demonstration his
ability to apply the rules of the Code which has been adopted and included
in this procedure, in accurate
detection and disposition of discontinuitis.
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6.3
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Personel
yang melaksanakan tes dan mengevaluasi dengan prosedure ini harus memiliki
Level II atau Level III.
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6.3
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Personnel
performing examinations and evaluation to the requirements of this procedure
shall be Level II or Level III
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7
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Perlengkapan
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7
|
Tools, Gages, Fixtures
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7.1
|
Alat – alat
Ultrasonic
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7.1
|
Ultrasonic Equipments
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7.1.1
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UT
instrument harus pulse echo type cocok untuk digunakan dengan transducer
dengan oscilasi pada frekwensi antara 1 MHz to 6 MHz. Display harus “A“ scan
rectified video trace. Dinamic range display instrument harus sedemikian rupa
sehingga dengan mudah perbedaan dari 1 db amplitude dengan mudah bisa
dideteksi di display.
UT
instrument yang operasi frekwensinya diluar range tersebut mungkin bisa
digunakan jika sensitivitinya sama
atau lebih bagus bisa demonstrasikan dan didokumentasikan.
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7.1.1
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The UT
instrument shall be the pulse-echo type suitable for use with transducer
oscillating at frequencies between 1 MHz to 6 MHz. Display shall be “A“ scan
rectified video trace. The
dynamic range of the instrument’s display shall be such that a difference of
1 dB of amplitude can be easily detected on the display.
The UT
instrument operating at other frequencies may be used if equal or better
sensitivity can be demonstrated and documented
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7.1.2
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Linearitas Horizontal
|
7.1.2
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Horizontal Linearity
|
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Lineariti
horizontal dari instrument harus diqualifikasi seluruh sound path distance
yang digunakan, prosedur ini akan didetail pada paragraf 8.1.1.
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The
horizontal linearity of the instrument shall be qualified over the full sound
path distance to be used in testing , the procedure are detailed in par. 8.1.1.
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7.1.3
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Syarat 2 untuk pengujian Instrumen
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7.1.3
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Requirement for Test Instruments.
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Test
Instrument harus termasuk internal stabilisasi sehingga setelah pemanasan,
tidak akan terjadi ada respon variasi lebih besar dari ± 1 dB dengan
perubahan suply voltage 15% dari nominal atau, terjadi masalah dengan baterey, selama perubahan lama operasinya.
Harus ada sebuah alarm atau signal jika voltage baterey drop sebelum
instrument mati dikarenakan baterey habis.
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Test
instruments shall include internal stabilization so that after warm-up, no
variation in response greater than ± 1 dB occurs with a supply voltage change of 15% nominal or,
in the case of a battery, throughout the charge operating life. There shall
be an alarm or meter to signal a drop in battery voltage prior to instrument
shutoff due to battery exhaustion.
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7.1.4
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Kalibrasi dari Pengujian Instrumen.
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7.1.4
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Calibration
of Test Instruments.
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Test
Instrument harus mempunyai gain kontrol (attenuator) yang terkalibrasi yang
bisa di atur pada setiap step 1 atau 2 dB seluruh range dan paling sedikit 60
dB. Keakuratan
dari seting attenuator harus dalam range
plus atau minus 1 dB. Prosedur ini akan didetail
pada paragraf 8.1.2.
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The test
instrument shall have a calibrated gain
control (attenuator) adjustable in
discrete 1 or 2 dB steps over a range of at least 60 dB. The accuracy of the
attenuator settings shall be within plus or minus 1 dB. The procedure
are detailed in par. 8.1.2.
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7.2
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Search Units.
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7.2
|
Search Units.
|
||
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7.2.1
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Search Units untuk Probe Normal (Longitudinal Wave)
|
7.2.1
|
Straight-Beam
(Longitudinal Wave) Search Units.
|
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Straight-beam (longitudinal wave) search unit
transducers harus mempunyai aktive area tidak kurang dari ½ inch persegi (323 mm persegi) atau tidak
lebih dari 1 inch persegi (645 mm persegi). Tranducer harus bundar atau
persegi.
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Straight-beam (longitudinal wave) search unit
transducers shall have an active area of not less than
1/2 square inches [323 square
millimeters] nor more than 1
square inch [645 square millimeters]. The transducer shall be round or square
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7.2.2
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Resolusi
untuk Probe Normal.
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7.2.2
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Resolution
for Straight-Beam.
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Transducers harus mampu membedakan tiga reflektor, prosedur
ini akan didetail pada paragraf 8.2.6.
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Transducers shall be capable of
resolving the three reflections,
the procedure are detailed in par.
8.2.6.
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7.2.3
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Search Units Probe Sudut.
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7.2.3
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Angle-Beam
Search Units.
|
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Probe
Sudut harus terdiri dari sebuah
tranducer dan wedge yang bersudut.
Unit bisa terpisah maupun menjadi satu kesatuan jadi
satu unit.
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Angle-beam
search units shall consist of a transducer and an angle wedge.
The unit may be comprised of the two separate elements
or may be an integral unit.
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7.2.4
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Frequency.
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7.2.4
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Frequency.
|
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Frequensi probe harus antara 2 and 2.5 MHz.
|
|
The transducer frequency shall be between 2 and 2.5
MHz, inclusive.
|
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7.2.5
|
Dimensi Transducer.
|
7.2.5
|
Transducer
Dimensions.
|
||
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|
Crystal
probe harus berbentuk persegi atau persegi panjang dan bervariasi dari 5/8
in. sampai 1 in. [15 sampai 25 mm] lebar dan dari 5/8 sampai 13/16 in. [15
sampai 20 mm] tinggi (lihat Figure 6.20).
Perbandingan
antara lebar dan panjang maximum
harus diantara 1.2 ke 1.0, dan lebar
dan panjang minimum harus diantara 1.0 ke
1.0.
|
|
The
transducer crystal shall be square or rectangular in shape and may vary from
5/8 in. to 1 in. [15 to 25 mm] in width and from 5/8 to 13/16 in. [15 to 20
mm] in height (see Figure 6.20).
The maximum width to height ratio shall be 1.2 to 1.0,
and the minimum width-to-height ratio shall be 1.0 to 1.0.
|
||
|
7.2.6
|
Sudut.
|
7.2.6
|
Angles.
|
||
|
|
Search unit harus menghasilkan sound beam
dalam material yang ditest dalam range plus atau minus 20 dari
salah satu sudut berikut : 70°, 60°, atau 45.
|
|
The search unit shall produce a sound beam
in the material being tested within plus or minus 2° of one of the following
proper angles: 70°, 60°, or 45.
|
||
|
7.2.7
|
Resolusi
untuk Probe sudut.
|
7.2.7
|
Resolution
for Angle-Beam.
|
||
|
|
Transducers harus mampu membedakan tiga reflektor, prosedur
ini akan didetail pada paragraf 8.2.4.
|
|
Transducers shall be capable of
resolving the three reflections,
the procedure are detailed in par.
8.2.4.
|
||
|
7.2.8
|
Penandaan
|
7.2.8
|
Marking.
|
||
|
|
Setiap Search Unit harus ditandai dengan
jelas untuk mengindikasikan frekuensi dari tranduser, sudut nominal refleksi,
serta index point yang digunakan
|
|
Each search unit shall be marked to
clearly indicate the frequency of the transducer, nominal angle of
refraction, and index point.
|
||
|
7.2.9
|
Jarak Ujung
Probe
|
7.2.9
|
Edge
Distance.
|
||
|
|
Dimensi
dari Search Unit harus diatur jaraknya dari sudut leading dari Search Unit
sampai index point tidak boleh melebihi 1 in. [25 mm].
|
|
The
dimensions of the search unit shall be such that the distance from the
leading edge of the search unit to the index point shall not exceed 1 in. [25
mm].
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
7.3
|
Standar Acuan
|
7.3
|
Reference
Standards.
|
||
|
7.3.1
|
Standard IIW. The International Institute
of Welding (IIW) UT
reference block, sesuai Gambar 6.22,
sebagai standard yang dipakai untuk kalibrasi jarak dan sensitivitas. Block
portable lain boleh digunakan, sebagai level acuan dari kombinasi
sensitifitas instrument / Search Unit yang harus di
sesuaikan dengan nilai yang sama pada IIW Block (Lihat Annex H dari AWS D
1.1, sebagai contoh).
|
7.3.1
|
IIW Standard. The International Institute
of Welding (IIW) UT
reference block, shown in Figure 6.22, shall be the standard used for both
distance and sensitivity calibration. Other
portable blocks may be used, provided the reference
level sensitivity for instrument / search unit combination shall be adjusted
to be the equivalent of that achieved with the IIW Block (see Annex H of AWS
D 1.1, for examples).
|
||
|
7.3.2
|
Blok Test
Acuan penguji Resolusi RC seperti pada Gambar 6.23.
|
7.3.2
|
The RC resolution reference test block
shown in Figure 6.23.
|
||
|
7.3.3
|
Blok
Acuan untuk jarak dan sensitivitas sesuai Gambar 6.26 dan 6.21
|
7.3.3
|
The
Distance and Sensitivity Reference Block shown in Figure 6.26
and 6.21
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
8
|
Instruksi – instruksi
|
8
|
Instructions
|
||
|
8.1
|
Prosedur Kalibrasi dan Kualifikasi Peralatan
|
8.1
|
Equipment Calibration and Qualifi-cation
Procedure
|
||
|
8.1.1
|
Linearitas
Horizontal.
|
8.1.1
|
Horizontal
Linearity.
|
||
|
|
Linearitas
Horizontal dari instrumen penguji harus di rekualifikasi setelah setiap 40 jam penggunaan instrumen dalam
setiap range jarak pada saat instrumen itu akan digunakan.
Prosedur Kualifikasi (lihat Annex H AWS D 1.1,
untuk metode alternative) harus seperti ini :
Catatan:
Karena
prosedur kualifikasi ini menggunakan straightbeam search unit yang
menghasilkan gelombang longitudinal dengan sound velocity hampir dua kali
gelombang shear, diperlukan untuk
menggandakan range jarak gelombang shear untuk aplikasi dari prosedur
ini.
Contoh: Penggunaan 10 in. [250 mm] screen
kalibrasi dalam gelombang shear akan meminta 20 in. [500 mm] kalibrasi screen
untuk kualifikasi prosedur ini menggunakan straight-beam.
Prosedur berikut harus digunakan untuk kalibrasi
instrument (lihat Annex H, H3, untuk metode alternatif):
(1)
Probe Normal memenuhi
syarat par. 7.2.1 harus ditempatkan
pada IIW atau DS block Posisi G, T, atau U (lih. Figure 6.26) sedemikian rupa sehingga mendapatkan lima refleksi balik (pulsa)
pada range kualifikasi yang telah disertifi-kasikan Figure 6.26).
(2)
Refleksi balik
pertama dan kelima harus disesuaikan ke lokasi yang tepat dengan menggunakan
kalibrasi jarak dan penyesuaian kelambatan nol.
(3)
Setiap indikasi harus
disesuaikan terhadap level referensi dengan gain atau kontrol atenuasi untuk
pengamatan lokasi horizontal
(4) Setiap
defleksi lokasi pada sisa intermediate harus di disesuaikan dengan 2% dari
lebar sreen.
|
|
The
horizontal linearity of the test instrument shall be requalified after each 40 hours of instrument use in each of
the distance ranges that the instrument will be used.
The qualification procedure (see Annex H
AWS D 1.1, for alternative method)
shall be as follows :
Note:
Since this
qualification procedure is performed with a straightbeam search unit which
produces longitudinal waves with a sound velocity of almost double that of
shear waves, it is necessary to double the shear wave distance ranges to be
used in applying this procedure.
Example: The use of a 10 in. [250 mm] screen
calibration in shear wave would require a 20 in. [500 mm] screen calibration
for this qualification procedure using straight-beam.
The following procedure shall be used for
instrument qualification (see Annex H, H3, for alternative method):
(1) A straight-beam search unit meeting the
requirements of par. 7.2.1 shall be coupled to the IIW or DS block in
Position G, T, or U (see Figure 6.26) as necessary to attain five back
reflections in the qualification range being certified (see Figure 6.26).
(2) The first and fifth back reflections shall
be adjusted to their proper locations with use of the distance calibration
and zero delay adjustments.
(3) Each indication shall be adjusted to
reference level with the gain or attenuation control for horizontal location
examination.
(4) Each intermediate trace deflection
location shall be correct within 2% of the screen width.
|
||
|
8.1.2
|
Gain Control (dB Accuracy ).
|
8.1.2
|
Gain Control
(dB Accuracy ).
|
||
|
|
Gain
kontrol instrumen (attenuator) harus dicek untuk kebenaran kalibrasinya setiap interval 2 (dua) bulan.
Prosedur
qualifikasi harus dilaksanakan seperti berikut :
Note :
Untuk supaya menghasilkan keakurasian pembacaan
ketinggian indikasi yang diinginkan (± 1% ), display vertikal harus di atur secara bertahap interval pada
2% , atau 2.5% untuk instrument dengan bacaan digital amplitude, pada ketinggian horizontal tengah screen.
Cara lain
bisa digunakan untuk kalibrasi gain kontrol (attenuator) qualifikasi jika
hasilnya minimum sama dengan prosedur ini.
Tahapan ini harus diletakkan pada display
antara 60%
dan 100% dari tinggi screen.
Ini bisa dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan
selembar lapisan transparan pada screen. Jika lapisan transparan ini di
aplikasikan sebagai bagian permanent dari UT unit, harus diperhatikan
supaya lapisan tidak mengganggu display sewaktu test.
|
|
The instrument’s gain control (attenuator)
shall be checked for correct calibration at 2 (two) month intervals.
The qualification procedure shall be
performed as follows :
Note:
In order to
attain the required accuracy (± 1% ) in reading the indication height, the
display shall be graduated vertically at 2% intervals, or 2.5% for
instruments with digital amplitude readout, at horizontal mid-screen height.
Alternative
methods may be used for calibrated gain control (attenuator) qualification if
proven at least equivalent with this procedure.
These graduations shall be placed on the
display between 60% and 100% of screen height.
This may be accomplished with use of a
graduated transparent screen overlay. If this overlay is applied as a
permanent part of the UT unit, care should be taken that the overlay does not
obscure normal testing displays.
|
||
|
|
(1)
Probe normal sesuai requirement dari par. 7.2.1
harus di letakkan ke Blok kalibrasi
DS terlihat pada Figure 6.23
dan pada posisi “ T “, Figure
6.26.
(2) Kalibrasi jarak harus diatur sehingga
refleksi indikasi back wall yang pertama dari 2 in. [50 mm] ( yang kemudian dinamakan indikasi ) ada
ditengah screen horizontal.
(3) Gain
atau attenuator kontrol yang terkalibrasi harus diatur sehingga indikasi
tepat atau sedikit diatas 40%
screen height.
(4)
Search unit harus digeser kearah posisi U, lihat Figure 6.26, sampai
indikasi tepat pada 40% screen height.
(5)
Amplitude sound harus
dinaikkan 6 dB dengan gain atau attenuator kontrol yang terkalibrasi.
Indikasi level secara teori seharusnya tepat pada 80% screen height.
|
|
(1) A straight-beam search unit meeting the
requirements of par. 7.2.1 shall be coupled to the DS block kalibrasi shown
in Figure 6.23 and position “ T ”,
Figure 6.26.
(2) The distance calibration shall be adjusted
so that the first 2 in. [50 mm] back reflection indication (hereafter called the indication) is at horizontal
mid-screen.
(3) The calibrated gain or attenuation control
shall be adjusted so that the indication is exactly at or slightly above 40%
screen height.
(4) The search unit shall be moved toward
position U, see Figure 6.26, until the indication is at exactly 40% screen
height.
(5) (The sound amplitude shall be increased 6
dB with the calibrated gain or attenuation control. The indication level
theoretically should be exactly at 80% screen height.
|
||
|
|
(6) Pembacaan
dB harus di record dengan “ a “ dan actual % screen height dengan “ b “ dari step 5 pada laporan
certifikasi (Annex M, Form M-8), Line 1.
(7) Search
unit harus digerakkan lebih mengarah
ke posisi U, Figure 6.26,
sampai indikasi tepat pada 40% screen height.
(8)
Step 5 harus diulangi.
(9) Step
6 harus diulangi; kecuali informasi seharusnya di aplikasikan ke line
berikutnya pada Annex M, Form
M-8.
(10) Step
7, 8, dan 9 harus diulangi secara urut sampai seluruh range dari gain kontrol (attenuator)
mencapai (60 dB minimum).
(11)
Informasi dari row “ a “ dan “ b “ harus di
aplikasikan ke rumus par.
8.1.3 untuk menghitung dB yang betul.
(12)
DB yang betul dari step 11 diisikan ke row “ c “.
(13)
Nilai row “ c “ harus dikurangi dari nilai row “ a “ dan perbedaan di row “ d “, dB error harus
diisi.
Note : Nilai ini bisa positive maupun negative . Contoh applikasi ada di Annex M. Forms M-8, M-9, and M-10 .
(14) Informasi harus di tabulasikan dalam
sebuah Form , termasuk minimum persamaan informasi seperti yang ditampakkan
Form D-8, dan unit di evaluasi sesuai dengan instruksi yang ditunjukkan pada form ini.
(15) Form M-9 menyajikan cara relative lebih
sederhana untuk mengevaluasi data dari item (14). Instruksi untuk evaluasi
ini diberikan pada (16) sampai (18).
(16) DB informasi dari row “ e “(Form M-8)
harus diisikan vertikal dan pembacaan dB dari Row “a” (Form M-8) secara
horizontal seperti X and Y coordinates untuk ploting dB curve pada Form M-9.
(17)Panjang horizontal terpanjang, seperti
dipresentasikan oleh pembacaan perbedaan dB, yang di tentukan dalam sebuah
segi panjang dalam tinggi 2 dB, menyatakan range dB dimana equipment memenuhi
syarat2 Code.
(18) Minimum range dB yang diizinkan adalah 60
dB.
(19)Equipment yang tidak memenuhi syarat
mungkin bisa digunakan, asalkan faktor koreksi dicatat dan digunakan untuk
evaluasi cacat menyimpang range linearity instrument yang acceptable, atau
evaluasi test lasan dan cacat
dipertahankan dalam range vertikal linearity dari equipment.
Note : DB error gambar ( Row “ d “ ) bisa digunakan untuk sebagai
faktor koreksi gambar.
|
|
(6) The dB reading shall be recorded under “a”
and actual % screen height under “b” from step 5 on the certification report
(Annex M, Form M-8), Line 1.
(7) The search unit shall be moved further
toward position U, Figure 6.26, until the indication is at exactly 40% screen
height.
(8) Step 5 shall be repeated.
(9) Step 6 shall be repeated; except,
information should be applied to the next consecutive line on Annex M, Form M-8.
(10) Steps 7, 8, and 9 shall be repeated
consecutively until the full range of the gain control (attenuator) is
reached (60 dB minimum).
(11) The information from Rows “a” and “b”
shall be applied to equation par. 8.1.3
to calculate the corrected dB.
(12) Corrected dB from step 11 to Row “c ” shall be applied.
(13) Row “c ” value shall be subtracted from
Row “a ” value and the difference in Row “d,” dB error shall be applied.
Note: These
values may be either positive or negative and so noted. Examples of
Application of Forms M-8, M-9, and M-10 are found in Annex M.
(14) Information shall be tabulated on a form,
including minimum equivalent information as displayed on Form D-8, and the
unit evaluated in conformance with instructions shown on that form.
(15) Form M-9 provides a relatively simple
means of evaluating data from item (14). Instructions for this evaluation are
given in (16) through (18).
(16) The dB information from Row “e” (Form M-8)
shall be applied vertically and dB reading from Row “a” (Form M-8)
horizontally as X and Y coordinates for plotting a dB curve on Form M-9.
(17) The longest horizontal length, as
represented by the dB reading difference, which can be inscribed in a
rectangle representing 2 dB in height, denotes the dB range in which the
equipment meets the code requirements.
(18) The minimum allowable range is 60 dB.
(19) Equipment that does not meet this minimum
requirement may be used, provided correction factors are developed and used
for discontinuity evaluation outside the instrument acceptable linearity
range, or the weld testing and discontinuity evaluation is kept within the
acceptable vertical linearity range of the equipment.
Note: The dB error figures (Row “d”) may be used as correction factor
figures.
|
||
|
8.1.3
|
Rumus Decibel.
|
8.1.3
|
Decibel
Equation.
|
||
|
|
Rumus
berikut harus digunakan untuk kalkulasi decibel :
Seperti
dihubungkan dengan Annex M,
Form M-8
dB1 = Row “a”
dB2 = Row “c”
%1
= Row “b”
%2
= Defined on Form M-8
  |
|
The
following equation shall be used to calculate decibels:
As related to Annex M, Form M-8
dB1 = Row “a”
dB2 = Row “c”
%1
= Row “b”
%2
= Defined on Form M-8
|
||
|
8.1.4
|
Procedure
Refleksi Internal.
|
8.1.4
|
Internal
Reflections Procedure.
|
||
|
|
Maximum
internal reflections dari masing2 unit harus di ferifikasi maximum waktu interval 40 jam selama instrument digunakan.
(1) Kalibrasi equipment sesuai dengan par. 8.5.
(2)
Pindahkan search unit dari
blok kalibrasi tanpa merubah pengatur equipment apapun.
(3)
Naikkan gain kontrol yang
terkalibrasi atau attenuator 20 dB lebih sensitive dari reference level.
(4)
Area screen diluar 1/2 in. [12 mm] sound path dan diatas tinggi
reference level harus bebas dari indikasi apapun.
|
|
Maximum
internal reflections from each search unit shall be verified at a maximum
time interval of 40 hours of
instrument use in
(1) Calibrate the equipment in conformance with par. 8.5.
(2) Remove the search unit from the calibration block
kalibrasi without changing any other equipment adjustments.
(3) Increase the calibrated gain or attenuation 20 dB more
sensitive than reference level.
(4) The screen area beyond 1/2 in. [12 mm] sound path and
above reference level height shall be free of any indication.
|
||
|
8.2
|
Kalibration
dari Search Units.
|
8.2
|
Calibration
of Search Units.
|
||
|
8.2.1
|
Kalibrasi
dari Search Unit probe sudut
|
8.2.1
|
Calibration
of Angle-Beam Search Units.
|
||
|
|
Dengan
menggunakan Blok Kalibrasi yang diaprove, setiap angle - beam search unit harus dicek setiap delapan
jam setelah digunakan, bahwa angle - beam search unit masih betul, dan bahwa
sudut probe masih dalam toleransi yang diizinkan plus atau minus 2°.
Search unit yang tidak memenuhi syarat
harus dibetulkan atau dibuang.
|
|
With the use of an approved calibration
block, each angle - beam search unit shall be checked after each eight hours of use to determine that the contact face
is flat, that the sound entry point is correct, and that the beam angle is
within the allowed plus or minus 2° tolerance .
The Search units which do not meet these
requirements shall be corrected or replaced.
|
||
|
8.2.2
|
Titik Index.
|
8.2.2
|
Index point.
|
||
|
|
Index
point dari transducer harus ditentukan atau dicek dengan procedure sebagai
berikut :
(1) Transducer
harus di set pada posisi D
pada the IIW block.
(2)
Transducer harus di gerakkan sampai signal dari radius menjadi maximum.
Titik pada transducer dimana segaris dengan garis radius pada calibration
block adalah titik masuknya Ultrasonic
(Index point ).
|
|
The
transducer sound entry point shall be located or checked by the following
procedure:
(1) The transducer shall be set in position D
on the IIW block.
(2) The transducer shall be moved until the
signal from the radius is maximized. The point on the transducer which aligns
with the radius line on the calibration block is the point of sound entry .
|
||
|
8.2.3
|
Sudut
|
8.2.3
|
Angles.
|
||
|
|
Search
unit harus menghasilkan sound beam dalam material yang ditest dalam range plus atau minus 2° dari salah satu
dari sudut yang betul sebagai : 70°, 60°, atau 45°.
Sound path transducer harus dicek atau
ditentukan dengan procedure berikut :
(1) Transducer
harus di set pada posisi B pada IIW block
untuk sudut 40° sampai 60°, atau pada posisi C pada IIW
block untuk sudut 60° sampai 70° (lih. Figure 6.26).
(2) Untuk sudut yang ditentukan, transducer harus
di gerakkan ke muka dan ke belakang diatas garis – garis sudut yang
diperkirakan sampai signal dari radius menjadi maximum.
Index
point pada transducer harus di bandingkan dengan sudut yang tertera pada calibration block (tolerance ± 2°)
|
|
The search unit shall produce a sound beam
in the material being tested within plus or minus 2° of one of the
following proper angles: 70°, 60°, or 45°.
The transducer sound-path angle shall be checked
or determined by one of the following procedures:
(1) The
transducer shall be set in position B on IIW block for angles 40° through
60°, or in position C on IIW block for angles 60° through 70° (see Figure
6.26).
(2) For the
selected angle, the transducer shall be moved back and forth over the line
indicative of the transducer angle until the signal from the radius is
maximized.
The sound entry point on the transducer shall be
compared with the angle mark on the calibration block (tolerance ± 2°)
|
||
|
|
Jika
UT
di aplikasikan pada stainless steel material
, sudut untuk kalkulasi harus sebagai berikut :
|
|
When UT
is applied on stainless steel material, the angle for calculating shall be as
follows :
|
||
|
|
Sudut
di
Carbon and Alloy steel
70
°
60
°
45
°
|
Sudut
di
Stainless
steel
65
°
57
°
43
°
|
|
Angle
in
Carbon
and Alloy steel
70
°
60
°
45
°
|
Angle
in
Stainless
steel
65
°
57
°
43
°
|
|
8.2.4
|
Persyaratan
untuk resolusi dari probe sudut .
|
8.2.4
|
Angle Beam
Resolution Require-ments.
|
||
|
|
Kombinasi
search unit dan instruments harus bisa membedakan tiga lubang dalam RC resolution reference test block
kalibrasi ditunjukkan pada Figure 6.23.
Posisi
search unit seperti berikut :
(1) Transducer
harus di set pada resolution
block RC posisi Q for 70° angle, posisi R untuk 60° angle, atau posisi S
untuk 45° angle.
(2)
Transducer dan instrument
harus bisa membedakan tiga lubang, paling tidak membedakan ujung indikasi
dari tiga lubang.
Resolution
harus dievaluasi dengan instrument control diset pada normal setting dan
dengan indikasi dari lubang dibawa ke tengah screen height. Resolution harus
cukup membedakan ujung indikasi dari tiga lubang. Menggunakan RC resolution reference block
kalibrasi untuk kalibrasi harus dilarang. Setiap kombinasi dari instrument
search unit (shoe dan transducer) harus dicek sebelum pertama kali
dipergu-nakan. Equipment verification ini harus dikerjakan pertama kali
dengan setiap search unit adan UT combinasi.
|
|
The combination of search unit and
instrument shall resolve three holes in the
RC resolution reference test block shown
in Figure 6.23.
The search unit position as follows :
(1) The transducer shall be set on resolution
block RC position Q for 70° angle, position R for 60° angle, or position S
for 45° angle.
(2)
Transducer and instrument
shall resolve the three test holes, at least to the extent of distinguishing
the peaks of the indications from the three holes.
The resolution shall be evaluated with the
instrument controls set at normal test settings and with indications from the
holes brought to midscreen height. Resolution shall be sufficient to
distinguish at least the peaks of indications from the three holes. Use of
the RC resolution reference block for calibration shall be prohibited. Each
combination of instrument search unit (shoe and transducer) shall be checked
prior to its initial use. This equipment verification shall be done initially
with each search unit and UT unit combination.
|
||
|
|
Verifikasi
tidak perlu dikerjakan lagi asalkan dokumentasi di simpan yang merekord
seperti dibawah ini :
(1)
Merk alat UT , model dan
nomor seri.
(2)
Pabrik pembuat search unit ,
tipe, ukuran, sudut, dan nomor seri.
(3)
Tanggal verivikasi dan nama
yang melakukan.
|
|
The verification need not be done again provided documentation is
maintained that records the following items:
(1) UT machine’s make, model and serial number
(2) Search unit’s manufacturer, type, size, angle,
and serial number
(3) Date of verification and technician’s name
|
||
|
8.2.5
|
Kalibrasi dari Search Units Probe Normal (Longitudinal
Mode ).
|
8.2.5
|
Calibration
of Straight-Beam Search Units (Longitudinal Mode ).
|
||
|
|
Kalibrasi
Jarak. Lihat See Annex H, H1
untuk alternative method.
(1) Transducer
harus diset pada posisi G
pada the IIW block.
(2)
Instrument harus diatur untuk bisa meng-hasilkan
indikasi pada 1 in. [25 mm
pada a metric block], 2 in. [50 mm pada a metric block], 3 in. [75 mm pada a
metric block], 4 in. [100 mm pada a metric block], etc., pada display.
|
|
Distance Calibration. See Annex H, H1 for
alternative method.
(1) The
transducer shall be set in position G on the IIW block.
(2) The
instrument shall be adjusted to produce indications at 1 in. [25 mm on a
metric block], 2 in. [50 mm on a metric block], 3 in. [75 mm on a metric
block], 4 in. [100 mm on a metric block], etc., on the display.
|
||
|
|
Amplitude. Lihat Annex H, H1.2 untuk
alternative method.
(1) Transducer
harus diset pada posisi Gain pada IIW block.
(2)
Gain harus diatur sampai
indikasi maximum dari back
reflection yang pertama mencapai 50 sampai 75% screen height.
|
|
Amplitude. See Annex H, H1.2 for
alternative method.
(1) The transducer shall be set in position G
on the IIW block.
(2) The gain
shall be adjusted until the maximized indication from first back reflection
attains 50 to 75% screen height.
|
||
|
8.2.6
|
Persyaratan
Resolution Probe Normal
|
8.2.6
|
Straight-Beam
Resolution Requi-rement
|
||
|
|
(1) Transducer harus diset pada posisi F pada
IIW block.
(2)
Transducer dan instrument
harus bisa membedakan semua tiga jarak.
|
|
(1) The transducer shall be set in position F
on the IIW block.
(2)
Transducer and instrument shall resolve all three distances.
|
||
|
8.2.7
|
Kualifikasi
Linearitas Horizontal
|
8.2.7
|
Horizontal
Linearity Qualification.
|
||
|
|
Procedure Qualifikasi
harus seperti par. 8.1.1.
|
|
Qualification procedure shall be per par.
8.1.1.
|
||
|
8.2.8
|
Kualifikasi
Gain Control (Attenuation).
|
8.2.8
|
Gain Control
(Attenuation) Qualifi-cation.
|
||
|
|
Procedure Qualifikasi
harus seperti par. 8.1.2.
|
|
The qualification procedure shall be in
conformance with par. 8.1.2.
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
8.3
|
Kalibration
untuk Pengujian
|
8.3
|
Calibration
for Testing
|
||
|
8.3.1
|
Posisi
Kontrol Reject.
|
8.3.1
|
Position of
Reject Control.
|
||
|
|
Semua kalibrasi dan test harus dibuat
dengan reject (clipping or suppression) control pada posisi mati. Menggunakan
reject (clipping or suppression) control bisa mengubah amplitude
linearity dari the instrumen dan hasil test yang tidak valid.
|
|
All calibrations and tests shall be made
with the reject (clipping or suppression) control
turned off. Use of the reject (clipping or suppression) control may alter the
amplitude linearity of the instrument and invalidate test results.
|
||
|
8.3.2
|
Reflector
yang dilarang.
|
8.3.2
|
Prohibited
Reflectors.
|
||
|
|
Menggunakan
reflector pojok (corner) untuk kalibrasi tidak diperbolehkan.
|
|
The use
of a “corner” reflector for calibration purposes shall be prohibited.
|
||
|
8.3.3
|
Teknik.
|
8.3.3
|
Technique.
|
||
|
|
Kalibrasi untuk sensitivity dan horizontal
Sweep ( jarak ) harus dibuat oleh UT operator
sesaat sebelum dan pada lokasi dimana testing lasan dimulai.
|
|
Calibration for sensitivity and horizontal
sweep (distance) shall be made by the UT
operator just prior to and at the location of testing of each weld.
|
||
|
8.3.4
|
Kalibrasi
Ulang.
|
8.3.4
|
Recalibration.
|
||
|
|
Re kalibrasi harus dibuat setelah
penggantian operator, setiap 30 menit
waktu maximum interval, atau aliran listrik terganggu dengan meliputi :
(1) Penggantian transducer
(2) Penggantian baterei
(3) Penggantian kabel listrik
(4) Penggantian kabel probe
(5)
Power outage ( kegalalan )
|
|
Recalibration shall be made after a change
of operators, each 30 minute
maximum time interval, or when the electrical circuitry is disturbed in any
way which includes the following:
(1) Transducer change
(2) Battery change
(3) Electrical outlet change
(4) Coaxial cable change
(5)
Power outage (failure)
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
8.4
|
Pengujian
Probe Normal untuk Base Metal.
|
8.4
|
Straight-Beam
Testing of Base Metal.
|
||
|
8.4.1
|
Kalibrasi
untuk straight - beam testing dari base metal harus dibuat dengan search unit
dari permukaan A dari base metal dan dikerjakan sebagai berikut :
|
8.4.1
|
Calibration for straight-beam testing of
base metal shall be made with the search unit applied to Face A of the base
metal and performed as follows:
|
||
|
8.4.2
|
Sweep
Horizontal.
|
8.4.2
|
Horizontal
Sweep.
|
||
|
|
Horizontal sweep harus diatur untuk jarak
kalibrasi dengan setara minimum dua kalibrasi ketebalan plate pada display.
|
|
The horizontal sweep shall be adjusted for
distance calibration to present the equivalent of at least two plate
thicknesses on the display.
|
||
|
8.5
|
Kalibrasi untukAngle-Beam
Testing.
|
8.5
|
Calibration for
Angle-Beam Testing.
|
||
|
|
Kalibrasi
untuk angle – beam harus dibuat seperti berikut (see Annex H, H2.4 for alternative method).
|
|
Calibration for angle-beam testing shall be performed
as follows (see Annex H, H2.4 for
alternative method).
|
||
|
8.5.1
|
Horizontal
Sweep.
|
8.5.1
|
Horizontal
Sweep.
|
||
|
|
Horizontal
sweep harus diatur untuk mewakili actual jarak sound-path dengan menggunakan IIW block, dengan
transducer diset pada posisi dengan pada IIW block. Jarak kalibrasi harus dibuat
menggunakan salah satu 5 in. [125 mm] scale atau 10 in. [250 mm] scale pada
display, yang mana yang lebih pantas. Jika joint konfigurasi atau tebal tidak
memungkinkan untuk pengujian secara full dari lasan dari masing – masing
seting , kalibrasi jarak harus di buat menggunakan skala 15 in. atau 20 in.
[400 mm atau 500 mm] sesuai kebutuhan.
Note : Lokasi
horizontal dari indikasi screen didasarkan pada lokasi dimana sisi kiri dari
deflection memotong garis horizontal .
|
|
The horizontal sweep shall be adjusted to
represent the actual sound-path distance by using the IIW block, with
transducer shall be set in position D on the IIW block. The distance
calibration shall be made using either the 5 in. [125 mm] scale or 10 in.
[250 mm] scale on the display, whichever is appropriate. If, however, the
joint configuration or thickness prevents full examination of the weld at
either of these settings, the distance calibration shall be made using 15 in.
or 20 in. [400 mm or 500 mm] scale as required.
Note: The
horizontal location of all screen indications is based on the location at
which the left side of the trace deflection breaks the horizontal base line.
|
||
|
8.5.2
|
Zero
Reference Level.
|
8.5.2
|
Zero
Reference Level.
|
||
|
|
Zero reference level sensitivity yang
digunakan untuk evaluasi cacat (“b” on the Ultrasonic Test AWS, terlampir)
harus dihasilkan dengan mengatur gain kontrol kalibrasi (attenuator) detector
cacat, memenuhi persyaratan dari par. 8.1.2, sehingga maximum horizontal
trace deflection (diatur ke horizontal ketinggian reference
line dengan gain kontrol yang terkalibrasi [attenuator]) terlihat pada
display.
Amplitude
atau Sensitivity Calibration Procedure, seperti berikut :
Transducer
harus diset pada posisi A pada IIW block (sembarang sudut). Sinyal yang maximum dari lubang 0.060 in.
[1.59 mm] kemudian harus diatur untuk menghasilkan ketinggian indikasi
horizontal reference-line (lihat
Annex H, H2.4 untuk alternative method). Maximum pembacaan decibel yang
dihasilkan harus digunakan sebagai pembacaan
“Reference Level, b” pada
Test Report sheet (Ultrasonic Test AWS , attached).
|
|
The zero reference level sensitivity used
for discontinuity evaluation (“b” on the Ultrasonic Test AWS, attached)
shall be attained by adjusting the calibrated gain control (attenuator) of
the discontinuity detector, meeting the requirements of par. 8.1.2, so that a
maximized horizontal trace deflection (adjusted
to horizontal reference line height with calibrated gain control
[attenuator]) results on the display.
Amplitude
or Sensitivity Calibration Procedure, as follow :
The transducer shall be set in position A
on the IIW block (any angle). The maximized signal shall then be adjusted
from the 0.060 in. [1.59 mm] hole to attain a horizontal
reference-line height indication (see Annex H, H2.4 for alternative method).
The maximum decibel reading obtained shall be used as the “Reference Level, b” reading on the
Test Report sheet (Ultrasonic Test AWS , attached).
|
||
|
8.6
|
Procedur
Pengujian
|
8.6
|
Testing
Procedures
|
||
|
8.6.1
|
“X” Line.
|
8.6.1
|
“X” Line.
|
||
|
|
Sebuah garis “ X “ untuk lokasi cacat
harus ditandai pada permukaan test dari lasan sejajar dengan arah dari garis
tengah lasan. Jarak lokasi tegak lurus dengan garis tengah lasan harus
didasarkan pada dimensi gambar pada
detail drawing dan biasanya jatuh pada centerline dari lasan butt joint, dan selalu jatuh
pada permukaan terdekat connecting member dari Testing dan lasan corner joint (dibaliknya
Permukaan C).
|
|
An “X” line for discontinuity location
shall be marked on the test face of the weldment in a direction parallel to
the weld axis. The location distance perpendicular to the weld axis shall be
based on the dimensional figures on the detail drawing and usually falls on
the centerline of the butt joint welds, and always falls on the near face of the
connecting member of T and corner joint welds (the face opposite Face C).
|
||
|
8.6.2
|
“Y” Line.
|
8.6.2
|
“Y” Line.
|
||
|
|
Sebuah garis “ Y “ bersama nomor identifikasi lasan
harus jelas ditandai pada base metal dekat dengan lasan yang ditest dengan
UT. Marking ini digu-nakan untuk maksud sebagai berikut :
(1) Identifiksai lasan
(2) Identifikasi dari permukaan A
(3) Jarak pengukuran dan arah (+ atau –) dari
garis “X”
(4)
Pengukuran lokasi dari ujung dan akhir lasan
|
|
A “Y” accompanied with a weld identification number
shall be clearly marked on the base metal
adjacent to the weld that is subject to UT. This marking is used for the
following purposes:
(1) Weld identification
(2) Identification of Face A
(3) Distance measurements and direction (+ or
–) from the “X” line
(4) Location measurement from weld ends or
edges
|
||
|
8.6.3
|
Kebersihan.
|
8.6.3
|
Cleanliness.
|
||
|
|
Semua
permukaan dimana search unit akan digunakan harus bebas dari spatter lasan,
debu, grease, oil (selain
yang digunakan sebagai couplant), cat, dan kerak yang mengelupas dan harus
mempunyai contour yang memungkinkan menempel bagus.
|
|
All surfaces to which a search unit is
applied shall be free of weld spatter, dirt, grease, oil (other than that
used as a couplant), paint, and loose scale and shall have a contour allowing
intimate coupling.
|
||
|
8.6.4
|
Couplants.
|
8.6.4
|
Couplants.
|
||
|
|
Couplant material harus digunakan diantara
search unit dan material yng ditest. Couplant harus dari salah satu glycerin
atau campuran yang merata dari cellulose gum dan air. Pelumas bisa
ditambahkan jika diperlukan.
Oli mesin yang encer bisa digunakan untuk
couplant pada block kalibrasi.
|
|
A couplant material shall be used between
the search unit and the test material. The couplant shall be either glycerin
or cellulose gum and water mixture of a suitable consistency. A wetting agent
may be added if needed.
Light machine oil may be used for couplant
on calibration blocks.
|
||
|
8.6.5
|
Maksud dari pengujian.
|
8.6.5
|
Extent of
Testing.
|
||
|
|
Seluruh
base metal dimana harus dilalui oleh ultarasound untuk pengujian lasan harus
diuji kemungkinan laminasi menggunakan straight - beam search unit sesuai
persyaratan dari par. 7.2.1
dan di kalibrasi sesuai dengan par. 8.4. Jika ada area dari base metal
menunjukkan back reflection hilang total atau ada indikasi yang sama dengan
atau lebih besar dari ketinggian original back reflection yang terletak pada
posisi dimana akan mengganggu procedure scaning normal lasan, maka ukurannya, lokasinya, dan
kedalamannya dari permukaan A harus ditentukan dan dilaporkan pada UT report,
alternative procedure scaning lasan harus digunakan.
|
|
The entire base metal through which
ultrasound must travel to test the weld shall be tested for laminar
reflectors using a straight-beam search unit conforming to the requirements
of par. 7.2.1 and calibrated in conformance with par. 8.4. If any area of
base metal exhibits total loss of back reflection or an indication equal to
or greater than the original back reflection height is located in a position
that will interfere with the normal weld scanning procedure, its size,
location, and depth from the A face shall be determined and reported on the
UT report, and an alternate weld scanning procedure shall be used.
|
||
|
8.6.6
|
Kesulitan
access.
|
8.6.6
|
Inaccessibility.
|
||
|
|
Jika bagian dari lasan susah di access
untuk pengujian sesuai dengan persyaratan dari Table 6.7, karena adanya
record laminasi sesuai dengan par. 8.6.5, pengujian harus dilaksanakan
menggunakan satu atau lebih procedure alternative sesuai kebutuhan untuk mengahasilkan
seluruh lasan tercover:
(1) Permukaan lasan harus digerinda rata. Jika
finishing permukaan diperlukan , nilai kekasaran ( lihat ASME B46.1) tidak boleh lebih dari 250 microinches
[6.3 micrometers]. Nilai Surface finish melebihi125 micro inche [3.2
micrometer] sampai 250 microinches harus dikerjakan sejajar dengan arah dari
primary stress. Nilai Surface finish
125 microinches atau kurang bisa dikerjakan pada sembarang arah.
(2) Pengujian dari permukaan A dan B
harus dilakukan.
(3)
Sudut
Search unit lain harus digunakan.
|
|
If part of a weld is inaccessible to testing in
conformance with the requirements of Table 6.7, due to laminar content
recorded in conformance with par. 8.6.5, the testing shall be conducted using
one or more of the following alternative procedures as necessary to attain
full weld coverage:
(1) Weld surface(s) shall be ground flush . Where surface finishing is required, roughness values
(see ASME B46.1) shall not exceed 250 microinches [6.3 micrometers]. Surfaces
finished to values of over 125 microinches [3.2 micrometers] through 250
microinches shall be finished parallel to the direction of primary stress.
Surfaces finished to values of 125 microinches or less may be finished in any
direction.
(2)
Testing from Faces A and B
shall be performed.
(3)
Other search unit angles
shall be used.
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
8.7
|
Pengujian Lasan.
|
8.7
|
Testing of
Welds.
|
||
|
8.7.1
|
Lasan
harus diuji dengan menggunakan probe sudut sesuai dengan persyaratan dari par.
7.2.3 ~ 7.2.9 dengan instrument yang terkalibrasi sesuai dengan par. 8.2.1
menggunakan sudut seperti ditunjukkan dalam Table 6.7. Setelah kalibrasi dan
selama pengujian, pengaturan kontrol
instrument yang diperbolehkan hanya pengaturan sensitivity dengan gain
kontrol yang terkalibrasi (attenuator).
|
8.7.1
|
Welds
shall be tested using an angle beam search unit conforming to the
requirements of par. 7.2.3 ~ 7.2.9 with the instrument calibrated in
conformance with par. 8.2.1 using the angle as shown in Table 6.7. Following
calibration and during testing, the only instrument adjustment allowed is the
sensitivity level adjustment
with the calibrated gain control (attenuator).
|
||
|
8.7.2
|
Reject (clipping or suppression) kontrol
harus dimatikan. Sensitivity harus dinaikan dari reference level untuk
scaning lasan sesuai dengan Table 6.2 atau
6.3, yang sesuai.
|
8.7.2
|
The reject (clipping or suppression)
control shall be turned off. Sensitivity shall be increased from the
reference level for weld scanning in conformance with Table 6.2 or 6.3, as
applicable.
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
8.8
|
Scanning.
|
8.8
|
Scanning.
|
||
|
|
Sudut pengujian dan procedure scaning
harus sesuai dengan yang ditunjukan dalam Table 6.7.
Scaning
Patern (lihat Figure 6.24)
|
|
The testing angle and scanning procedure
shall be in conformance with those shown in Table 6.7.
Scanning Patterns (See Figure 6.24)
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
8.8.1
|
Longitudinal
Discontinuities :
|
8.8.1
|
Longitudinal Discontinuities
:
|
||
|
|
(1) Scaning Movement A. Sudur putar, a = 100.
(2) Scaning Movement B. Scaning distance b harus mengcover semua bagian dari lasan.
(3)
Scanning
Movement C. Jarak maju c harus kira – kira setengah lebar transducer .
Note : pergerakan A, B dan C bisa dikombinasikan
menjadi satu scaning patern.
|
|
(1) Scanning Movement A. Rotation angle, a = 10°.
(2) Scanning Movement B. Scanning distance b shall be such
that the section of weld being tested is covered.
(3) Scanning Movement C. Progression distance c shall be
approximately one-half the transducer width.
Note: movements A, B, and
C may be combined into one scanning pattern.
|
||
|
8.8.2
|
Transverse
Discontinuities :
|
8.8.2
|
Transverse
Discontinuities :
|
||
|
|
(1) Lasan
yang digerinda.
Scaning patern D
harus digunakan jika lasan
digerinda rata.
(2) Lasan
yang tidak digerinda.
Scanning pattern E harus digunakan jika weld
reinforcement tidak digerinda rata.
Scaning angle, e = 15°
max.
|
|
(1) Ground
Welds. Scanning
pattern D shall be used when welds are ground flush.
(2) Unground
Welds. Scanning
pattern E shall be used when the weld reinforcement is not ground flush.
Scanning angle, e = 15° max.
|
||
|
|
Note: Scaning patern harus mengcover semua
bagian lasan.
|
|
Note: The scanning
pattern shall cover the full weld section.
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
8.9
|
Butt Joints.
|
8.9
|
Butt Joints.
|
||
|
8.9.1
|
Semua butt joint
harus diuji dari setiap sisi dari lasan dari garis tengah lasan. Lasan corner
dan T joint harus diuji pertama dari satu sisi dari garis tengah lasan saja.
|
8.9.1
|
All butt
joint welds shall be tested from each
side of the weld axis. Corner and T-joint welds shall be primarily tested from one side of the weld axis
only.
|
||
|
8.9.2
|
Semua
lasan harus diuji menggunakan scaning patern yang cocok atau patern yang
ditunjukkan di Figure 6.24
jika diperlukan untuk mendeteksi kedua – duanya cacat memanjang dan melintang.
|
8.9.2
|
All welds shall be tested using the
applicable scanning pattern or patterns shown in Figure 6.24 as necessary to
detect both longitudinal and transverse discontinuities.
|
||
|
8.9.3
|
Jika
diperlukan, minimum, semua lasan diuji dengan sound melewati seluruh volume
lasan dan HAZ dalam dua arah yang berpotongan, jika memungkinkan untuk dilaksanakan.
|
8.9.3
|
It is intended that, as a minimum, all
welds be tested by passing sound through the entire volume of the weld and
the HAZ in two crossing directions, wherever practical.
|
||
|
8.9.4
|
Indikasi
Maximum .
Jika sebuah indikasi cacat kelihatan di
layar, maximum indikasi yang dihasilkan dari cacat harus diatur untuk
menghasilkan horizontal reference level trace deflection pada display.
Pengaturan ini harus dibuat dengan
gain kontrol terkalibrasi (attenuator), dan pembacaan decibel
instruments harus digunakan sebagai “Indication
Level, a,” untuk kalkulasi “Indication Rating, d,” seperti
ditunjukkan pada test report (Utrasonic
Test AWS, attached).
|
8.9.4
|
Maximum
Indication.
When a discontinuity indication appears on
the screen, the maximum attainable indication from the discontinuity shall be
adjusted to produce a horizontal reference level trace deflection on the
display. This adjustment shall be made with the calibrated gain control
(attenuator), and the instrument reading in decibels shall be used as the “Indication Level, a,” for
calculating the “Indication Rating, d,” as shown on the test report
(Utrasonic Test AWS, attached).
|
||
|
8.9.5
|
Attenuation
Factor.
“Attenuation Factor, c,” pada test report harus dihasilkan dengan
mengurangi 1 inch (25 mm) dari jarak sound-path dan mengalikan sisanya dengan
2. Factor ini harus dibulatkan ke nilai dB yang terdekat. Nilai pecahan
kurang dari 1/2 dB harus dikurangi ke dB level yang lebih rendah dan nilai
pecahan 1/2 dB atau lebih besar dinaikkan ke level yang lebih tinggi.
|
8.9.5
|
Attenuation
Factor.
The “Attenuation
Factor, c,” on the test report shall be attained by subtracting 1 in. [25
mm] from the sound-path distance and multiplying the remainder by 2. This
factor shall be rounded out to the nearest dB value. Fractional values less
than 1/2 dB shall be reduced to the lower dB level and those of 1/2 dB or
greater increased to the higher level.
|
||
|
8.9.6
|
Indication
Rating.
“Indication Rating, d,” pada Utrasonic Test AWS, attached, menggambarkan perbedaan
perhitungan decibel antara indication level dan reference level dengan
koreksi untuk atenuasi seperti ditujukkan dibawah ini .
Instruments dengan gain pada dB:
d = a – b – c
|
8.9.6
|
Indication
Rating.
The “Indication
Rating, d,” in the Utrasonic Test
AWS, attached, represents the algebraic difference in decibels between the
indication level and the reference level with correction for attenuation as
indicated in the following expressions.
Instruments with gain in dB:
d = a – b – c
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
9
|
Procedures Evaluasi Ukuran Discontinuities.
|
9
|
Discontinuity Size Evaluation Procedures
|
||
|
9.1
|
Pengujian dengan Probe Normal (Longitudinal)
|
9.1
|
Straight-Beam (Longitudinal) Testing.
|
||
|
9.1.1
|
Ukuran
dari cacat laminasi tidak selalu mudah ditentukan, terutama yang ukurannya
lebih kecil dari ukuran transducer .
|
9.1.1
|
The size of lamellar discontinuities is not always
easily determined, especially those that are smaller than the transducer
size.
|
||
|
9.1.2
|
Jika cacat
lebih besar dari transducer, kehilangan total dari back reflection akan terjadi dan 6 dB kehilangan amplitude (50% screen height) dan pengukuran ke
centerline dari transducer biasanya dipercaya untuk menentukan ujung cacat.
|
9.1.2
|
When the discontinuity is larger than the transducer,
a full loss of back reflection will occur and a 6 dB loss of amplitude and
measurement to the centerline of the transducer is usually reliable for
determining discontinuity edges.
|
||
|
9.1.3
|
Walaupun begitu,
ukuran kira – kira dari evaluasi reflector, yang lebih kecil dari transducer,
harus dibuat dengan cara mulai dari arah luar cacat dengan instruments yang
terkalibrasi menggerakkan transducer kearah area cacat sampai indikasi
terlihat pada display. Pada point ujung dari search unit ini adalah dianggap ujung dari cacat .
|
9.1.3
|
However, the approximate size evaluation of those
reflectors, which are smaller than the transducer, shall be made by beginning
outside of the discontinuity with equipment calibrated moving the transducer
toward the area of discontinuity until an indication on the display begins to
form. The leading edge of the search unit at this point is indicative of the
edge of the discontinuity.
|
||
|
9.2
|
Pengujian dengan Probe
Sudut (Shear).
|
9.2
|
Angle-Beam (Shear)
Testing.
|
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|
9.2.1
|
Procedure
berikut ini harus digunakan untuk menentukan panjang dari indikasi yang
mempunyai dB rating yang lebih serius dari indikasi Class D. Panjang dari
indikasi harus ditentukan dengan mengukur jarak antara lokasi centerline
transducer dimana amplitude indication
rating turun (drop) 50% (6 dB) dibawah rating untuk clasifikasi cacat yang
cocok.
Panjang ini harus direcord pada kolom “discontinuity length” pada test
report.
Jika diperlukan karena memandang amplitude cacat ,
procedure ini harus diulangi untuk menentukan panjang cacat dari clas A, B
dan Cacat .
|
9.2.1
|
The following procedure shall be used to determine
lengths of indications which have dB ratings more serious than for a Class D
indication. The length of such indication shall be determined by measuring
the distance between the transducer centerline locations where the indication
rating amplitude drops 50% (6 dB) below the rating for the applicable discontinuity
classification. This length shall be recorded under “discontinuity length” on the test report.
Where warranted by discontinuity amplitude, this
procedure shall be repeated to determine the length of Class A, B, and C
discontinuities.
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9.2.2
|
Indikasi
dari cacat yang tetap ada pada display selama search unit digerakkan maju dan
mundur dari cacat (scanning
movement “b”) bisa jadi menunjukkan cacat planar dengan dimensi
cenderung kearah throat.
|
9.2.2
|
Indications of discontinuities that remain
on the display as the search unit is moved towards and away from the
discontinuity (scanning movement “b”) may be indicative of planar discontinuities with
significant through-throat dimension.
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|
9.2.3
|
Karena major reflecting surface dari cacat
yang critical minimum orientasinya 20° (untuk 70° search unit) dan
45° (untuk 45° search unit) dari
tegaklurus ke sound beam, maka amplitude evaluasi (dB rating) tidak
memungkinkan disposisi secara tepat.
|
9.2.3
|
Since the major reflecting surface of the
most critical discontinuities is oriented a minimum of 20° (for a 70° search
unit) to 45° (for a 45° search unit) from perpendicular to the sound beam,
amplitude evaluation (dB rating) does not allow reliable disposition.
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|
9.2.4
|
Jika
indikasi menunjukkan ciri – ciri planar ada pada scaning sensitivity,
evaluasi lebih detail dari cacat dengan cara lain sangat diperlukan (seperti alternative UT tehnik, RT, grinding
atau gouging untuk visual inspection,
etc.).
|
9.2.4
|
When indications exhibiting these planar characteristics are present at
scanning sensitivity, a more detailed evaluation of the discontinuity by
other means shall be required (e.g., alternate UT techniques, RT, grinding
or gouging for visual inspection, etc.)
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|
10
|
Kriteria
Penerimaan.
|
10
|
Acceptance
Criteria.
|
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|
10.1
|
Pengujian
lasan dengan Utrasonic adalah dievaluasi berdasarkan refleksi ultrasound dari
cacat yang secara proporsional menimbulkan effect pada intregitas dari lasan
.
|
10.1
|
Ultrasonically tested welds are evaluated
on the basis of a discontinuity reflecting ultrasound in proportion to its
effect on the integrity of the weld.
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|
10.2
|
Setiap
cacat lasan harus di terima (accepted) atau ditolak (rejected) berdasar pada
indication ratingnya dan panjangnya, sesuai dengan Table 6.2 untuk
statically loaded structures atau Table 6.3 untuk cyclically loaded structures, mana yang
cocok.
|
10.2
|
Each weld discontinuity shall be accepted
or rejected on the basis of its indication rating and its length, in
conformance with
Table 6.2 for statically loaded structures
or Table 6.3 for cyclically loaded structures, whichever is applicable.
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|
10.3
|
Hanya
cacat – cacat yang direject perlu direcord pada test report, kecuali untuk
lasan yang disebut di kontrak sebagai “Fracture Critical”, rating acceptable dalam range 6 dB, inclusive,
minimum rating rejectable harus direcord pada test report.
|
10.3
|
Only those discontinuities which are
rejectable need be recorded on the test report, except that for welds
designated in the contract documents as being “Fracture Critical”, acceptable
ratings that are within 6 dB, inclusive, of the minimum rejectable rating
shall be recorded on the test report.
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|
10.4
|
Kriteria
Penerimaan untuk Statically Loaded
Nontubular Connections.
|
10.4
|
Acceptance
Criteria for Statically Loaded
Nontubular Connections.
|
||
|
10.4.1
|
Acceptance criteria untuk lasan yang
dipersyaratkan UT sebagai tambahan
dari visual inspection harus memenuhi persyaratan dari Table 6.2
|
10.4.1
|
The acceptance criteria for welds subject
to UT in addition to visual inspection shall meet the requirements of Table
6.2
|
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|
10.4.2
|
Untuk
lasan CJP web-to flange, acceptance
dari cacat yang terdeteksi dengan pergerakan scaning selain dari
scaning patern ‘E’ (lihat
par. 8.8 ) bisa berdasarkan pada ketebalan lasan sama dengan actual web
thickness plus 1 in. [25 mm]. Cacat yang terdeteksi dengan scaning patern ‘E’
harus dievaluasi kepada criteria dari Table 6.2 untuk actual web thickness.
|
10.4.2
|
For CJP web-to flange welds, acceptance of
discontinuities detected by scanning movements other than scanning pattern
‘E’ (see par. 8.8) may be based on weld thickness equal to the actual web
thickness plus 1 in. [25 mm]. Discontinuities detected by scanning pattern
‘E’ shall be evaluated to the criteria of Table 6.2 for the actual web
thickness.
|
||
|
10.4.3
|
Jika
lasan CJP web-to flange menanggung beban tarik (tensile stress) tegak lurus ke lasan, mereka harus
sesuai dengan persyaratan di Table 6.2.
|
10.4.3
|
When CJP web-to-flange welds are subject
to calculated tensile stress normal to the weld, they should be so designated
on the design drawing and shall conform to the requirements of Table 6.2.
|
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|
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|
10.5
|
Kriteria
Penerimaan
untuk Cyclically Loaded
Nontubular Connections.
|
10.5
|
Acceptance
Criteria for Cyclically Loaded Nontubular Connections.
|
||
|
10.5.1
|
Acceptance criteria untuk lasan yang
dipersyaratkan UT sebagai tambahan
dari visual inspection harus memenuhi persyaratan berikut :
(1) Lasan yang menerima beban tensile dengan
segala kondisi dari beban harus sesuai dengan persyaratan dari Table 6.3.
(2)
Lasan yang menerima beban tekan harus sesuai dengan persyaratan dari
Table 6.2.
|
10.5.1
|
The acceptance criteria for welds subject to UT in
addition to visual inspection shall meet the
following requirements:
(1) Welds subject to tensile stress under any
condition of loading shall conform to the requirements of Table 6.3.
(2) Welds
subject to compressive stress shall conform to the requirements of Table 6.2.
|
||
|
10.5.2
|
Lasan CJP web-to-flange harus sesuai dengan
persyaratan dari Table 6.2.
|
10.5.2
|
CJP web-to-flange welds shall conform to the
requirements of Table 6.2.
|
||
|
10.5.3
|
Acceptance untuk cacat yang terdeteksi dengan gerakan
scaning selain dari scaning patern ‘E’ (lihat par. 8.8) bisa berdasarkan pada ketebalan lasan sama dengan
actual web thickness plus 1 in. [25 mm].
|
10.5.3
|
Acceptance for
discontinuities detected by scanning movements other
than scanning pattern ‘E’ (see par. 8.8) may be based on a weld thickness
equal to the actual web thickness plus 1 in. [25 mm].
|
||
|
10.5.4
|
Cacat
yang dideteksi dengan scaning patern ‘E’ harus dievaluasi dengan criteria par. 10.5 untuk aktual ketebalan web.
|
10.5.4
|
Discontinuities detected by scanning pattern ‘E’ shall
be evaluated to the criteria of par. 10.5 for the actual web thickness.
|
||
|
10.5.5
|
Jika
lasan CJP web-to flange menerima beban tarik (tensile stress) tegak lurus ke lasan, mereka
harus dijelaskan di drawing design dan harus sesuai dengan persyaratan di
Table 6.3.
|
10.5.5
|
When such web-toflange welds are subject to calculated
tensile stress normal to the weld, they shall be so designated on design drawings and shall conform to the requirements of
Table 6.3.
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
11
|
Identification
pada Area yang di Reject.
|
11
|
Identification
of Rejected Area.
|
||
|
|
Setiap
cacat yang direject harus ditandai pada lasan dengan tanda langsung diatas
cacat untuk keseluruhan panjangnya. Kedalaman dari surface dan indication rating harus di
tulis dekat base metal.
|
|
Each rejectable discontinuity shall be
indicated on the weld by a mark directly over the discontinuity for its
entire length. The depth from the surface and indication rating shall be
noted on nearby base metal.
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
12
|
Perbaikan.
|
12
|
Repair.
|
||
|
|
Lasan yang
ditemukan tidak diterima dengan UT harus direpair dengan metode yang
diizinkan oleh par. 5.26 dari Code ini. Area yang direpair harus di uji ulang
dengan ultrasonic dengan hasil yang
ditabulasikan kedalam form asli atau form report tambahan.
|
|
Welds found unacceptable by UT shall be
repaired by methods allowed by 5.26 of this code. Repaired areas shall be retested ultrasonically with
results tabulated on the original form (if available) or additional report
forms.
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
13
|
Laporan
Pengujian Ulang.
|
13
|
Retest
Reports.
|
||
|
|
Evaluasi
dari uji ulang area lasan yang direpair harus ditabulasikan ke dalam baris
baru pada form report.
a. Jika
report asli digunakan , tanda R1,
R2, … Rn harus diindikasikan .
b.
Jika form report tambahan digunakan , tanda R harus ditambahkan.
|
|
Evaluation of retested repaired weld areas
shall be tabulated on a new line on the report form.
a. If the original report form is used, an
R1, R2, … Rn shall prefix the indication number.
b.
If additional report forms are used, the R number shall prefix the
report number.
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
14
|
Steel
Backing.
|
14
|
Steel
Backing.
|
||
|
|
UT untuk
lasan CJP groove dengan steel
backing harus di laksanakan dengan procedure UT yang mengenalkan potensial
reflector yang dihasilkan oleh perpotongan antara base metal dan backing. (lihat Commentary
C6.26.12 dari AWS D1.1 untuk tambahan
petunjuk scanning lasan groove yang
memakai steel backing).
|
|
UT of CJP groove welds with steel backing
shall be performed with a UT procedure that recognizes potential reflectors
created by the base metal-backing interface (see Commentary C6.26.12 of AWS D
1.1 for additional guidance scanning groove welds containing steel backing).
|
||
|
CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS LIST
|
||||
|
I.
EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION AND QUALIFICATION
|
||||
|
No.
|
Description
|
Reference
paragraph
|
Time Interval
|
Remarks
|
|
1
|
Horizontal
Linearity
|
8.1.1
|
40 hours
(one week)
|
|
|
2
|
Resolution:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Straight
Beam
|
8.2.6
|
Once
(maintain record)
|
|
|
|
Angle
Beam
|
8.2.4
|
Once
(maintain record)
|
|
|
3
|
Gain
Control
|
8.1.2
|
2 months
|
|
|
4
|
Sound
Entry
|
8.2.1 ~ 8.2.3
|
8 hours
|
Angle
tolerance
|
|
5
|
Internal
reflection
|
8.1.4
|
40 hours
(one week)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
II.
CALIBRATION FOR TESTING
|
||||
|
1
|
Horizontal
Sweep:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Straight
Beam
|
8.4
|
Re-calibration
see 8.3.4
|
|
|
|
Angle
Beam
|
8.5
|
Re-calibration
see 8.3.4
|
|
|
2
|
Angle
Beam Zero Reference Level
|
8.5.2
|
Re-calibration
see 8.3.4
|
|
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